A.1.3SL only
Transport
Guiding question: How do the heart, blood vessels and lungs deliver what working muscles need and remove what they produce?
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A.1.3.1
The cardiovascular system
The heart and blood vessels carry nutrients, hormones, oxygen, carbon dioxide, heat and waste around the body. During exercise, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and systolic pressure rise, and blood is redirected to working muscles. How large these values are, at rest and in exercise, varies with age, sex, body size and training status. The type and intensity of the activity also matter.
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Key terms
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Check yourself
Quick check
1.Cardiac output is defined as:
2.As a person moves from rest to moderate, submaximal exercise, how does their stroke volume usually change?
3.Which system transports oxygen to the working muscles?
A.1.3.2
The respiratory system
Breathing moves air in and out so that oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse between the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries. Tidal volume, breathing rate and minute ventilation rise with exercise intensity. Values also differ between people, for example with age, sex, body size and training status, and between types of activity.
Match the terms
Key terms
Match each term to its meaning.
Tap a term, then tap its meaning.
Check yourself
Quick check
1.Minute ventilation is the product of:
2.Which of the following changes would most likely occur during high-intensity exercise compared to rest?
3.Which statement describes tidal volume?
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