C.2.1SL only
Motor learning processes
Guiding question: How do people learn movement skills, and how should coaches design practice to help them?
Learn it, then try it
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C.2.1.1
Learning, performance and models of motor learning
Learning is a relatively lasting change in what a person can do, produced by practice or experience. Performance is what they show on one occasion, and it fluctuates. Linear pedagogy draws on the information processing model, including open- and closed-loop control, schema theory and generalised motor patterns. It also uses the cognitive, associative and autonomous phases of learning. Non-linear pedagogy draws on the ecological model, including ecological and dynamical systems theory and the constraints-led approach.
Match the terms
Key terms
Match each term to its meaning.
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Check yourself
Quick check
1.Which describes a simple model of information processing?
2.A coach is teaching a class how to dribble a basketball. Which is an example of an environmental constraint?
3.What are ‘degrees of freedom’ in the context of dynamical systems theory?
C.2.1.2
The psychological refractory period
If a second stimulus arrives while the first is still being processed, the response to the second is delayed. Players exploit this with dummies and feints, so the opponent reacts late to the real move.
Check yourself
Quick check
1.The psychological refractory period is
2.Which is the best example of an athlete exploiting the psychological refractory period?
3.Why should a rugby player not make a dummy pass too long before the real move?
C.2.1.3
Transfer of learning
Transfer happens when something learned earlier changes how quickly or well a new skill is learned. It can help (positive) or hinder (negative). Types include skill to skill, practice to performance, abilities to skills, bilateral, stage to stage and principles to skills.
Check yourself
Quick check
1.Bilateral transfer occurs when
2.A tennis player takes up badminton and keeps a firm wrist, so her overhead shots lack the quick wrist action badminton needs. This is an example of
3.Which examples are correctly matched to the type of transfer? I. Good hand-eye coordination helps a learner pick up table tennis: abilities to skills II. Knowing that a wider base of support increases stability helps a judo player hold her ground: principles to skills III. Left-foot kicking improves after a period of right-foot practice: stage to stage
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